That Freckle Might Not Be Just a Freckle
We all have them, tiny brown specks that pop up after a summer in the sun or seem to appear out of nowhere. Most freckles and sun spots are harmless signs of sun exposure. But some dark spots are not so innocent. Certain skin lesions can signal the early stages of skin cancer, and the difference is not always obvious to the untrained eye.
At WellMedica, Dr. Dima often sees patients who come in for a mole check and are surprised to learn that what they thought was a harmless freckle is actually more concerning. The safest approach is to learn what to look for and to seek a professional opinion when in doubt.
Freckles, Sun Spots, and Skin Lesions: What They Mean
Freckles, known as ephelides, are usually small, flat, and light to medium brown. They often darken with sun exposure and fade during the winter months. They are common in lighter skin tones and tend to be genetic. While freckles themselves do not turn into skin cancer, their presence can indicate that your skin is more sensitive to ultraviolet damage.
Sun spots, sometimes called age spots or liver spots, are larger than freckles and often tan to dark brown in color. They are the result of years of accumulated sun exposure and, unlike freckles, they do not fade when summer ends. While they are not dangerous, they are a clear sign of sun damage and should serve as a reminder to protect your skin moving forward.
Suspicious skin lesions, on the other hand, may be flat or raised, and they often have irregular borders or multiple colors. These lesions may change in size, shape, or color over time and sometimes itch, bleed, or develop a crusty surface. They can appear in areas that get frequent sun exposure, but they are not limited to those spots.
How Dermatologists Spot Trouble
A helpful way to assess a mole or dark spot is the ABCDE method. A stands for asymmetry, when one half of the spot looks different from the other. B is for border, referring to edges that are irregular, blurred, or jagged. C is for color, which can include more than one shade or uneven distribution of pigment. D is for diameter, with anything larger than six millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser) warranting attention. E is for evolving, which means any noticeable change over time. If you notice even one of these warning signs, you should schedule a skin cancer screening right away.
Why Early Detection Saves Lives
Distinguishing between melanoma and a freckle can literally be life-saving. Most skin cancers, when detected early, can be treated successfully, often with a quick in-office procedure. Left undetected, they can spread and become far more dangerous. This is why scheduling a full body skin check is so important. During this exam, Dr. Dima will evaluate every inch of your skin, including areas that are hard for you to see yourself, such as the scalp, back, and behind the ears. She will take digital images of all concerning lesions and document their exact size. If her “mole-dar” goes off, she recommends a biopsy.
Knowing When to Book a Mole Check
You should not wait for a spot to look dramatic before having it examined. Any new or changing mole, a spot that looks noticeably different from your others, a sore that does not heal, or an area that persistently itches, bleeds, or scabs should prompt a dermatologist mole exam.
Protecting Your Skin Moving Forward
While nothing can replace a professional screening, prevention is still your strongest defense. Apply a broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher sunscreen daily, wear protective clothing and wide-brimmed hats, and limit sun exposure during peak hours between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Reapplying sunscreen every two hours while outdoors is another essential habit.
Bottom line: If you are unsure whether a spot is harmless or dangerous, do not guess. Your skin will give you signals, but it is up to you to notice them and take action. A quick appointment for a mole check could be the difference between a minor treatment and a far more serious diagnosis.
